'The city that had become the center of the 'slave trade' was Charleston, South Carolina.

(Tom McArthur, The Oxford Guide to World English. However, like them, and despite its usefulness, vigor, and wide distribution, Pidgin tends to be regarded as debased English.' 'Because many of its features are close to those of Creole in the Americas, some researchers have proposed a family of 'Atlantic creoles' that includes Pidgin in West Africa, Gullah in the U.S., and the various patois of the Caribbean. It originates in 16th-century contacts between West Africans and English sailors and traders, and is therefore as old as so-called ' Modern English.' Some WAPE speakers, especially in cities, do not speak any traditional African language: it is their sole means of expression. Among the local varieties are Aku in Gambia, Krio in Sierra Leone, Settler English and Pidgin English in Liberia, Pidgin (English) in Ghana and Nigeria, and Pidgin (English) or Kamtok in Cameroon. ' WAPE is spoken in a geographical continuum frm Gambia to Cameroon (including enclaves in French- and Portuguese-speaking countries) and in a vertical continuum with WAE at the top.

West african pidgin english grammar